Lihlahisoa tsa rona tse ka sehloohong: Indonesia, Uzbekistan, jj

 

Liikela tsa indasteri Monosodium glutamate le tsona tse tsejoang e le mofuta oa tafole, ke mofuta oo, o ka fokotsoang ka sekhahla, a fetole boemo bo sa feleng ba sistimi; Ha e fihla mahloriso a mang, e ama li-micellen ka tharollo. Ka hona, e hlahisa ho kolobisoa kapa ho atile, ho kolobisoa le ho senya kapa ho senya le ho hlapa le litlamorao ho fihlela litlhoko tsa lits'ebetso tse sebetsang. Monosodium glutamate, joalo ka ntho e sa sebetseng, e sepetse lijong tsa rona le bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ha ho hlahisoa indasteri, li-sulfactats tse tšoanang le li-glutamate tsa Monosodo, tse sa hlokeng chelete e ngata 'me li ka ba le litlamorao tsa mohlolo. Lintho tsena li tsejoa hangata e le li-surfactal.

 

Kenyelletso ea Surfactats

 

Li-surfactant tse nang le sebopeho sa limoleke: Lihlopheng tsa hydrophili hangata li lihlopha tsa polar, tse ka ba lihlopha tsa carboyl (- Cooh), li-amino acid, li-amino) kapa li-ilit. Hydroxyl Lihlopha tsa Hydroyl (- OH), Lihlopha tsa Amode, Li-E -), joalo-joalo) li ka ba lihlopha tsa polaaryrophilic; Qetellong e 'ngoe ke sehlopha sa hydrophoric, se khutsitsoe e le sehlopha sa Oleophilic, hape e le sehlopha sa Hydrophobic kapa hydrophobic kapa hydrophobic. Hangata lihlopha tsa hydrophobic ke chains ea hydrocarbon, joalo ka hydrophobic alkyphobic alkyphobic alkyphobic alkyphobic alkyphobic
Li-surfactats tse arotsoeng ho ionic Surficalms (ho kenyeletsoa li-surfactats tsa anionic), li-surfantic surfactats, li-surfactats tse ling.

Tharollong ea limela, ha phallo ea phareri e fihla boleng bo itseng, limolek'hule tse potolohileng li tla theha likhohlano tse ngata tse laetsoeng tse bitsoang li-micelles. Li-mcisellization kapa sebopeho sa li-micelles ke thepa ea motheo ea liketsahalo tsa limela, 'me liketsahalo tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa ho senyeha li amana le sebopeho sa litoeki. Ho tsepamisa mohopolo boo ho bona hore na li-surfavents tse hlahisang miicelles ka tharollo e bitsoa litoeba tse mpe tsa litoeba tse mpe. Li-micelles ha li na libopeho tse thellang, empa ho e-na le libopeho tse sa tloaelehang ebile li fetoha habonolo. Tlas'a maemo a itseng, le ho etsa lintho tse mpe le tsona li ka bontša mmuso overse Mcelle.

 

Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse amang micelle ea bohlokoa

 

Sebopeho sa li-surfactats
Tlatsetso le mefuta ea litlatsetso
Tšusumetso ea mocheso

 

Ts'ebelisano lipakeng tsa li-surfactats le liprotheine

 

Liprotheine li na le lihlopha tse seng tsa polar, le char, le limolek'hule tse ngata tsa Amppehlic li ka sebelisana le liprotheine ka litsela tse fapaneng. Li-surfyants li ka ba le mekhabiso e laetsoeng ka meaho e fapaneng tlasa maemo a fapaneng, joalo ka li-micelles, jj. Ho na le litšebelisano tsa elektrocia le hydrophobic lipakeng tsa liprotheine le liprotheine tse pakeng tsa liprotheine le tsa hydrophobic tsa carbonophobic. Li-surfitloa tse seng tsa Iona li sebelisana le liprotheine ka bongata ba hydrophobic le lihlopha tsa li-hydrophobic li ka ba le phello e itseng mohahong le liprotheine tsa li-surfactats le liprotheine. Ka hona, mofuta, boemo, mahloriso le tikoloho ea lifeshene tsa lijalo tsa liphoofolo li tiisa hore na li tsielehile kapa li qhalana le ho senya kapa ho hasana

 

Boleng ba HLB bo sa surfactant

 

Ho bontša ho etsa lintho tse ikhethang tse sa feleng, lijalo tsa tsoekere li tlameha ho boloka botsitso bo itseng lipakeng tsa hydrophilic le hydrophilic. HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic lipophiniki ea lipophilic) ke boleng ba hydrophilic oleophilic boloxphonic

Boleng ba HLB ke boleng bo amanang (pakeng tsa 0 le 40), joalo ka boleng ba HLB bo nang le boleng ba HLB Boleng ba HLB, ho molemo le hydrophlicamy ea sethala; Ha a le monyane boleng ba HLB, motho ea futsanehileng hydrophlicity ea limela.
Ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea li-surfactats

 

Tšusumetso e tlase

Ka lebaka la tsitsipano e phahameng ea oli ka metsing, ha oli e akheloa ka metsing mme e ile ea hlohlelletsa ka thata, oli e kopantsoe le e mong le e meharo ea ho etsa emumuli. Haeba sethala se phatsitsoeng se eketsoa ebile se susumetsoa ka matla, empa ha ho bonolo ho arohana nako e telele kamora ho emisa, sena ke ntho e tlase. Lebaka ke hore hydrophobicioniki ea oli e pota-potiloe ke sehlopha sa hydrophilic ea Moemeli ea mafolofolo, a fokolisa mosebetsi o hlokahalang bakeng sa oli e ntle ea oli.

 

Phello ea ho koloba

Hangata ho na le mokato oa boka, mafura, kapa sekala joalo ka ntho e kopantsoeng le likarolo tsa likarolo, e leng hydrophobic. Ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea lintho tsena, bokaholimo ba likarolo ha bo kolobisoa habonolo ke metsi. Ha ha ho eketsoa ha litokelo tsa tsoekere ka tharollo ea lapeng, marotholi a metsi libakeng a hasana habonolo, a fokotsa khatello ea metsi le ho fihlela sepheo sa ho koloba

 

Phello ea solbililization

Kamora ho eketsa li-surfacants bakeng sa lintho tse oli, ba ka qhaloa "li-pherekano ena feela e ka etsahalang ke thepa ea ho sokolla le thepa. Mabapi le phello ea tharollo, liketane tse telele tsa hydrophobic li matla ho feta liketane tse sa amaneng le liketane tsa ho soma ha se na kelello ke tsa bohlokoa haholo.

 

Phello ea ho Qoba

Likarolo tse thata tse kang lerōle le likaroloana tsa litšila li tloaetse ho bokana hammoho le ho lula habonolo ka metsing. Limolek'hule tsa limorete li ka arola karohano e tiileng ka likaroloana tse nyane, li li lumelle ho hasanya le ho emisa ho hasanya ha likaroloana tse tiileng.

 

Ketso ea foam

Ho thehoa ha foam ho bakoa haholo ke ho thehoa ha motho ea mafolofolo le phokotso ea khatello ea mobu pakeng tsa khase le mekhahlelo ea metsi. Ka kakaretso, moemeli ea sebetsang e sebetsang o bonolo ho foam, moemeli ea mafolofolo ea molek'hule o na le thepa e mpe haholo ea limela. Moemeli ea maobane o na le thepa e matla le botsitso ba ho tsofala ho feta moemeli ea mafolofolo ea Ionic, a joalo ka sodium alkykte o na le thepa e matla ea limela. Ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ba ile ba tsitsa ea foam ba kenyelletsa joala bo tloaelehileng, carboxemethyl cemhitles, jj.

 

Classifits of surfactats

 

Li-surfyants li ka aroloa hore e be li-aniocic tse sa rateheng, tse sa lumellaneng le li-surficracianic li ipapisitse le litšobotsi tsa tsona tsa sebopeho sa limolek'hule.

 

Setsi sa sehlekehleke sa Anionic

Sulfinate
Li-agentes tse tloaelehileng tsa mofuta ona li kenyelletsa Sodium Linear Alkyllolbnate And Sodium Sumfanate. Sodium Linear AlkyLBlBELLFOL, e boetse e tsejoang e le las kapa ABS, ke phofo e tšoeu kapa e nang le moea o mosoeu ka mekhoa e metle ea surfsactility. E tsitsitse ho Alkali, ea hlasimolla asiti le metsi a thata. Hangata e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka mokelikeli oa metsi (litšila tse sa hlakoang Ha a sa nyenyefatse, ka lebaka la litekanyetso tsa eona li ka ikarabella ka halofo ea palo ea li-ntaramane, le mefuta e mengata ea phetoho ea karolo ea litsing tsa matsoho e ntse e pharalletse. Sisteme e tloaelehileng ea likokoana-hloko e sebelisitsoeng ho senyeha ke sistimi "las (linear alkyylfnate sodium) - ffa (alkyl vide amide) Melemo e hlaheletseng ea Sodium Linear AlkyylbelbelBulfonate ke matla a matla a tikoloho, le bokhoni ba tikoloho o tlase. Bohle bo hlahelletseng ke hore ho hlasimolla haholo. Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfote, e boetse e tsejoang e le Aos, e qhibiliha ka metsing, 'me e tsitsitse boleng bo bongata ba boleng ba pH. Har'a mefuta ea Baeti ea Sulfonic eo e sa tsoakoang, ts'ebetso e molemo. Melemo ea se ikhethang ke botsitso bo botle, qubu ea metsi hantle, katifehelo e ntle, ho khopisa batho le ho senya likotlo tse ngata. Ke e 'ngoe ea li-surfatita tse kholo tse sebelisoang hangata ho Shampoo le gel ea ho hlapa. Bokhopo ba eona ke hore e theko e boima haholo.

 

Sulfate
Li-agentes tse tloaelehileng tsa mofuta ona li kenyelletsa joala ba Sodium Dralty Polyoxethylene le Sodium Dodecyl sulfate.

Sodium Fatty Joal Pelyomyethylene Ether oa Sulfate, e boetse e tsejoang e le Aes kapa sodis ary silfate.

Ho bonolo ho qhibiliha ka metsing, e ka sebelisoa ho Shampoo, sole e hlaba ka metsi, e senya sesepa sa metsi (litšila tse silafatsang metsi. Scorium ea Metsi e molemo ho feta sodecyl dulfate ea sulfate, 'me e ka lokisoa ka tekanyo efe kapa efe ea tharollo e ntle haholo mochesong oa kamore. Kopo ea Sodium Alkyllolfonulzenzeneszeneszenzeneszeneszen e atoloha le e tsamaisang ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho feta oa chain e otlolohileng; E ka ratoa ka li-surfactal tse ngata tsa li-surfacta kapa mefuta e mengata ho etsa tharollo e pepeneneng. Ho na le melemo e ikhethang ke ho teneha hanyane, alloudi e ntle ea metsi, ho lumellano hantle hantle le ts'ebetso e ntle le ho hlonama le ho hlonama le ho hlonama le ho hlonama le ho hlonama le ho ba thata. Bothata ke hore botsitso ba bophahamo ba acidic bo futsanehile hanyane, 'me matla a ho hloekisa a ikokobelitse Sodium Linear Alkiumbel Bediuml sulfate.

Sodium Dulfate, e tsejoang hape ka es, K12, Sodium Cocoyl Sulfate Agent, ha e na thuso ho Alkali le metsi a thata. Boiteko ba eona ba tsietsi tsa acidic bo tlaasana le ba sulfate e akaretsang le haufi le ea joala ba mafura poliyoxethylene. E senyehile habonolo ebile e na le likotsi tse nyane tsa tikoloho. Ha e sebelisoa litsing tsa metsi, acidity ha ea lokela ho ba holimo haholo; Ts'ebeliso ea Ethanolamine kapa ammonium ea letsoai ho shampoo le ho hlatsoa ha 'mele ho ke ke tsa eketsa tsitsipano ea acid, empa hape e thusa ho fokotsa ho teneha. Ntle le bokhoni ba bona bo botle bo thetsang le matla a matla a ho hloekisa, ts'ebetso ea eona ka likarolo tse ling ha lia ka tsa joala. Theko ea li-surfactats tse tloaelehileng tsa khale li feta.

 

Cationric Surfictant

Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e fapaneng ea lijalo tsa limela, bokhoni bo bobe bo bolileng, leha ba lumellana le ho teneha haholo le theko e phahameng. Li-surfactats tsa khokahano ha li lumellane ka kotloloho le li-surfyants tsa anionic mme li ka sebelisoa e le baetsi ba maemo a leholimo kapa fungicides. Manahatso a matichere a sebelisoa hangata e le li-graxents tsa metsi (joalo ka karolo e nyane ea metsi (haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa sehlopha se phahameng, haholo-holo bakeng sa shampoo. E le karolo ea ho lokisa ea moemeli, e ke ke ea nkeloa sebaka ke mefuta e meng ea li-surfactal li-shampoo tse phahameng tsa metsi tse phahameng.

Mefuta e Tloaelehileng ea li-gentic Surfamants e kenyelletsa hexadecylm hsdide (1631), cation diride (C-14

 

ZWITIONIC SURPACTATHNTATION

Li-surfactanticactant tsa ho jala li bua ka li-surfachoac tse nang le li-hydrophilic tsa hydrophilic le tse tona. Ka hona, li-surfatical tsena li bontša mekhoa ea acidic, thepa e sa tloaelehang e ratanang le tharollo ea alkanaline, le thepa eo e seng ionic e sa reroang. Tafole ea ho jeoa ke metsi, acid ea acid le Alkali, esita le tharollo ea letsoai haholo. Ba hanyetsa hantle metsi a thata, ho teneha ka letlalo, bonolo bo botle, bonolo bo botle, phello e ntle ea anti-static, phello e ntle ea li-anti-starter. Mefuta ea Bohlokoa ea Lits'ila tsa Amphotenic li kenyelletsa Dodecyl Dimethyl Betaanina le carboxxymanila.

 

Setsi sa sehlekehleke sa ionic

Li-surfactats tsa lehare li na le thepa e ntle e kang allobilization, ho hlatsoa le ho khopisa maemo le lefu la calcium soap accertina; Boraro bo sebetsang bo na le bofubelu ho feta sa surfactats e akaretsang ea Ionic; Ntle le ka thepa e litšila le e litšila, thepa e 'ngoe e feta hangata e phahame ho kakaretso ea li-surfyants tsa anionic. Ho kenyelletsa chelete e nyane ea seretse sa ionic ho li-surftactant tsa ionic li ka eketsa tšebetso e kaholimo ea sistimi (ha e bapisoa lipakeng tsa litaba tse tšoanang tsa boleng bo fapaneng). Mefuta e ka sehloohong e kenyelletsa ALKYL ALKYL ATIRS

ALKYL ALBYL ATIRS (FFA) ke sehlopha sa li-surfactats tse sa sebetseng tse nang le lits'ebetso tse phahameng tse nang le likopo tse ngata, tse tloaelehileng li sebelisoa ka lithiba-tsa metsi tse fapaneng. Ha li ntse li sebetsa ka metsing, hangata li sebelisoa hammoho le nako e ngata, e nang le khapiso ea "2: 1" 1.5: 1 "(Alkyl amide naha: ALKYL ALBYL E ka sebelisoa ka kakaretso ea acidic le alkaline ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa acidic, ebile ke mefuta-futa e theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea litlolo tse sa tloaelehang.

 

Ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactats

Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale le mahlale, haholo-holo khatelo-pele ea litloaelo tsa lik'hemik'hale, karolo le ts'ebeliso ea meroalo e se e ata le ho feta. Ho tloha meepo ea liminerale le nts'etsopele ea matla, litlamorao tsa lisele le li-enzyme, lilithara tsa limela li ka fumanoa. Matsatsing ana, ts'ebeliso ea limela ha li felle feela ka basebeletsi ba tšireletso, empa e phatlalalitse masimong a mefuta e meng ea litlolo, matla a motlakase le indasteri ea motlakase.

 

Ts'ebetso ea oli
In oil extraction, the use of dilute water solutions of surfactants or concentrated mixed solutions of surfactants with oil and water can increase crude oil recovery by 15% to 20%. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba ho senyeha ho fokotsa liketsahalo tsa tharollo, li sebelisoa nakong ea ho tlola ho fokotsa pono ea oli le fokotsa kapa ho thibela likotsi tse chesang. E ka boela ea etsa hore malinyane a khale a se ke a fafatsa oli ea oli.

Nts'etsopele ea matla
Li-surfachoak li ka boela tsa kenya letsoho ho ntlafatso ea matla. Boemong ba hona joale ba litheko tsa oli tsa oli tsa lefats'e le mehloli e matla, nts'etsopele ea mafura a oli e kopantsoeng e na le bohlokoa ba matla. Ho eketsa lijalo ts'ebetsong ho ka hlahisa mofuta o mocha oa mafura ka lipalesa tse phahameng, tse ka nkang peterole e le mohloli oa matla. Ho eketsa emusulijanier ho peterole, Diesel le oli e matla ha li boloke mehloli ea oli feela le ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Ka hona, ho na le tšoaetso ea limela e na le bohlokoa bo matla ba nts'etsopele ea matla.

Indasteri ea masela
Tšebeliso ea li-surfactats tsa indasteri ea textile e na le pale e telele. Likhoele tsa maiketsetso li na le mathata a mangata joalo ka ho ba thata, ho sa lekana ho adlisong e matla ea lerōle, le ho monya letsoho le khatello ea maikutlo ha ho bapisoa le likhoele tsa tlhaho. Haeba ho tšoaroa ka lijalo tse ikhethang, bofokoli bona bo ka ntlafala haholo. Li-surfachoak li boetse li sebelisoa e le ba batlang joalo ka litsebi, baemeli ba antistatic, ba kolobile le babusi ba ibekeng, le bamumu ea indastering ea likhama le daering. Tšebeliso ea li-surfactats tsa limela tse khatisong ea masela le ho daea daeeng e atile haholo.

Ho Hloekisa Metal
Mabapi le ho hloekisa litsene, linaka tsa setso li kenyelletsa li-shorts tse joalo joalo ka peterole, patsi, le khabone tetrachphonyide. Ho latela lipalo-palo tse amehang, palo ea peterole e sebelisoang bakeng sa ho hloekisa likarolo tsa tšepe ho Chaena ho na le lithane tse 500000 ka selemo. Li-agence tsa ho hloekisa tsa metsi tse thehiloeng metsing li ka boloka matla. Ho latela lipalo, moemeli o le mong oa moemeli oa tšepe o ka nka sebaka sa peterole e ka bang 20, 'me ho bontša hore lintho tse ling tsa peterole li ka ba le bohlokoa ba litokelo. Basebeletsi ba ho hloekisa tšepe ba nang le lijalo tsa kantle le bona ba na le litšobotsi tsa ho se be bo-chefo, eseng ho silafatsa polokeho ea mosebeletsi. Mofuta ona oa moemeli oa tšepe o sebelisitsoe haholo bakeng sa ho hloekisa mefuta e fapaneng ea likarolo tsa tšepe joalo ka enjine ea Aerospace, sefofane, jj.

Indasteri ea lijo
Indastering ea lijo, li-surfaring ea limela ke litlatsetso tsa ma-mafili tse sebelisoang tlhahisong ea lijo. Li-surfactats tse thata tsa lijo li na le ho hlohlelletsang lijo, ho koloba, ho kolobisoa, ho boloka thepa le polokeho, le litlamorao tsa lipalesa. Ka lebaka la phello e khethehileng e nang le 'mele, e ka etsa likotlo tse halikiloeng, bohobe le ka thata ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le boleng ba kahare ba lihlahisoa.

Litaba tse bolaeang tsa temo tseo ke lino tsa ho tsitsipana ha mokelikeli, ho ba thata ho ba thata ho hasana ha ho fafatsoa makhasi se lemang. Haeba sethala sa sistimi se ekelletsa tharollo ea mehahla, ho ka fokotsa likhohlano tse holim 'a metsi,' me phello ea meharo e tla melaloa habonolo.