Ka kakaretso, karolo e le 'ngoe ea emulsion ke metsi kapa tharollo ea metsi, e bitsoang aqueous phase; Karolo e 'ngoe ke karolo ea tlhaho e ke keng ea kopanngoa le metsi, e tsejoang e le karolo ea oli.

1, Sehlopha

Mekhoa e meraro ea lihlopha:

1. E arotsoe ka mohloli: lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho le lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso;

2. E arotsoe ka boima ba limolek'hule: li-emulsifiers tsa boima ba limolek'hule tse tlaase (c10-c20) le li-emulsifiers tse phahameng tsa boima ba limolek'hule (c likete);

3. Ho ea ka hore na e ka ionize ka tharollo e nang le metsi, e ka aroloa ka mofuta oa ionic (anions, cations, anions le cations) le mofuta o seng oa ionic.

Ena ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho arola.

 

2. Mosebetsi le molao-motheo oa li-emulsifiers

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa li-emulsifiers ke ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea holim'a metsi a mabeli a ntseng a etsoa. Ka hona, ha li-surfactants li sebelisoa e le li-emulsifiers, karolo e 'ngoe ea sehlopha sa bona sa hydrophobic e bapalla holim'a likaroloana tsa mokelikeli tse sa keneng (joalo ka oli), ha sehlopha sa hydrophilic se fetela metsing. Li-surfactants li hlophisitsoe ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng holim'a likaroloana tsa mokelikeli ho etsa filimi ea hydrophilic adsorption (filimi ea sefahleho), e le ho fokotsa khoheli pakeng tsa marotholi, ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea holim'a metsi pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e 'meli, le ho khothalletsa ho qhalakanngoa ho etsa li-emulsions.

Motsoako oa surfactant o na le tšusumetso e tobileng ho matla a sefahleho sa sefahleho sa sefahleho. Ka khatello e phahameng, ho na le limolek'hule tse ngata tsa surfactant tse adsorbed holim'a sehokelo, li etsa mask a sefahleho a teteaneng le a matla.

Li-emulsifiers tse fapaneng li na le litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa emulsification, 'me chelete e hlokahalang ho fihlela phello e nepahetseng ea emulsification le eona ea fapana. Ka kakaretso, ha matla a limolek'hule a emulsifier a etsang moeli oa mask a sefahleho, a phahamisa matla a filimi, 'me lotion e tsitsitse haholoanyane; Ho fapana le hoo, matla a manyenyane, a fokotsa matla a filimi, 'me emulsion e sa tsitsang.

Ha ho na le limolek'hule tsa polar organic tse kang joala bo mafura, mafura a mafura le amine ea mafura ka har'a mask a sefahleho, matla a lera a ntlafatsoa haholo. Sena se bakoa ke hore limolek'hule tsa emulsifier li sebelisana le limolek'hule tsa polar tse kang joala, asiti le amine ka har'a sehokelo sa adsorption ho etsa motsoako, o eketsang matla a mask a sefahleho sa sefahleho.

Emulsifier e entsoeng ka li-surfactants tse fetang tse peli ke emulsifier e tsoakiloeng. Ka lebaka la tšebelisano e matla pakeng tsa limolek'hule, tsitsipano ea sefahleho e fokotsehile haholo, palo ea li-emulsifier e phahamisitsoeng holim'a sebopeho e eketseha haholo, 'me boima le matla a mask a sefahleho a entsoeng ka sefahleho a eketseha.

Nakong ea ho thehoa ha emulsion, tsitsipano ea sefahleho pakeng tsa oli le metsi e fokotsehile haholo ka lebaka la ho kenya letsoho ha li-surfactants, 'me e fetoha emulsion e tsitsitseng. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho na le tsitsipano ea sefahleho sa oli-metsi ka emulsion e ke keng ea fihla ho zero ka lebaka la CMC kapa lithibelo tsa solubility. Ka hona, lotion ke sistimi e sa tsitsang ea thermodynamic.

Khohlano ea lifahleho pakeng tsa oli le metsi a emulsion e nyenyane e tlaase hoo e ke keng ea lekanngoa. Ke tsamaiso e tsitsitseng ea thermodynamic. Sena se finyelloa haholo-holo ka ho eketsa mofuta oa bobeli oa surfactant e nang le thepa e fapaneng ka ho feletseng (e kang lino tse tahang tse itekanetseng tse kang pentanol, hexanol, le heptanol, tse tsejoang e le li-co surfactants), tse ka fokotsang tsitsipano ea sefahleho ho ea boemong bo fokolang haholo, esita le ho fella ka litekanyetso tse mpe hang-hang. Sena se ka hlalosoa ke Gibbs' adsorption equation bakeng sa litsamaiso tse nang le likarolo tse ngata.

 

3. Mofuta oa emulsion

Mofuta

Emulsion e tloaelehileng , karolo e le 'ngoe ke metsi kapa tharollo ea metsi,' me e 'ngoe ke lintho tse phelang tse sa tsitsang ka metsi, tse kang grease, boka, joalo-joalo.emulsion e entsoeng ke metsi le oli e ka aroloa ka mefuta e meraro:

(a) Oli ea mofuta oa metsi (O'W)
(e) Lebese la motsoako (W/O/W)
(b) Oli ea mofuta oa metsi (W/O)

(1) Oli / metsi (0/W) emulsion, oli e qhalakantsoeng ka metsing. Oli ke karolo e qhalakaneng (karolo ea ka hare), 'me metsi ke karolo e tsoelang pele (mokhahlelo oa ka ntle) oli ea emulsion ea metsi, e ka hlapolotsoeng ka metsi. Tse kang lebese, lebese la soya, joalo-joalo.

(2) Metsi / oli (W/0) emulsion, metsi a qhalakantsoeng ka oli. Metsi ke mohato o qhalakaneng (mokhahlelo oa ka hare) 'me oli ke mohato o tsoelang pele (mokhahlelo oa ka ntle) oa metsi ho emulsion ea oli. Mofuta ona oa emulsion o ka hlakoloa ka oli. Joalo ka botoro ea maiketsetso, oli e tala, joalo-joalo.

(3) Ring e bōpehileng joaloka emulsions, thehoa ka alternating qhalakana ea metsi le oli mekhahlelo lera ka lera, haholo-holo tla ka mefuta e 'meli: oli ka metsing le oli oli ka oli 0/W/0 (ke hore, metsi mokhahlelo le qhalakantsoeng marotholi a oli e emisitsoe mokhahlelong oa oli le metsi ka oli le metsi ka metsing W/0/W (ke hore, karolo ea oli e nang le marotholi a metsi a qhalakantsoeng ka mokhoa o akaretsang oa marotholi a metsi a emisoa). oli e tala.

 

Mokhoa oa ho lekola mofuta oa emulsion

(1) Mokhoa oa ho hlapolla

Hlakola emulsion ka mokelikeli o tšoanang le mohato o tsoelang pele. Emulsion e qhibilihang ka metsing ke mofuta oa oli / metsi, 'me emulsion e qhibilihang ka oli ke mofuta oa metsi / oli.
Ka mohlala, lebese le ka hlapolloa ka metsi, empa le ke ke la tsoakana le oli ea meroho. Ho ka bonoa hore lebese ke emulsion ea O/W.

(2) Mokhoa oa ho khanna

The conductivity ea metsi le oli e fapane haholo, 'me conductivity ea oli / metsi emulsion e kholo ka makhetlo a makholo ho feta ea metsi / oli. Ka hona, li-electrode tse peli li kenngoa ka emulsion 'me neon e kopantsoe ka letoto la loop,' me lebone la oli / metsi le ntse le le teng.

(3) Mokhoa oa ho silafatsa

Eketsa marotholi a 2-3 a lidae tse thehiloeng ka oli kapa tse nang le metsi ka har'a tube ea teko, 'me u ahlole mofuta oa emulsion ho latela hore na ke mofuta ofe oa dae o ka etsang hore karolo e tsoelang pele e be le mebala.

(4) Sefa mokhoa oa ho kolobisa pampiri

Lahlela lotion pampiring ea sefe. Haeba mokelikeli o ka atoloha ka potlako 'me lerotholi le lenyenyane le sala bohareng, lotion ke oli ka metsing; haeba marotholi a lotion a sa atolohe, oli ea mofuta oa metsi.

(5) Mokhoa oa ho refraction optical

Mefuta e fapaneng ea refractive index ea metsi le oli ho khanya e sebelisoa ho khetholla mofuta oa emulsion. Haeba emulsion e le oli ka metsing, likaroloana li bapala karolo ea ho bokella leseli, 'me ke karolo e letšehali feela ea likaroloana e ka bonoang ka microscope; Haeba emulsion e le metsi ka oli, likaroloana li bapala karolo ea astigmatism, 'me feela kemiso e nepahetseng ea likaroloana e ka bonoa ka microscope;

Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amang mofuta oa emulsion

(1)Bolumo ea mohato:

Theory ea bophahamo ba mokhahlelo e hlahisitsoe ke 0stwald ho tsoa ponong ea jeometri. Maikutlo ke hore ho nka hore lifaha tsa mokelikeli tsa lotion li lekana ka boholo le likaroloana tse thata, karoloana ea karolo ea karolo ea lifaha tsa mokelikeli e ka nka karolo ea 74.02% ea molumo kaofela ha li tletse haholo. Haeba palo ea karolo ea karolo ea palo ea lifaha tsa mokelikeli e feta 74.02%, lotion e tla holofala kapa e senyehe.

(a) Uniform droplet rich pile lohiloeng emulsion
(b) Lerotholi le lekaneng le teteaneng emulsion
(c) Marotholi a metsi a seng chitja a hloka hore ho be le stacking le emulsion (e sa tsitsang)

Nka emulsion ea mofuta oa O / W e le mohlala, haeba karolo ea karolo ea bohlokoa ea oli e kholo ho feta 74.02%, emulsion e ka theha mofuta oa W / 0 feela, ha mofuta oa O / i o ka tlase ho 25.98%, 'me ha karoloana e le 25.98% -74.02%, e ka theha mofuta oa 0 / W kapa W0.

 

Sebopeho sa limolek'hule le thepa ea li-Emulsifiers - Theory ea Wedge

Khopolo ea wedge e thehiloe holim'a sebopeho sa sebaka sa li-emulsifiers ho fumana mofuta oa emulsion. Khopolo-taba ea wedge e fana ka maikutlo a hore libaka tse fapaneng tsa lihlopha tsa hydrophilic le hydrophobic ka li-emulsifiers ha li lekane. Limolek'hule tsa li-emulsifiers li nkoa e le li-wedges, ka lehlakoreng le leng le le leholoanyane 'me le leng le le lenyenyane. Qetello e nyane ea emulsifier e ka kenngoa ka holim'a marotholi joalo ka lekhalo 'me ea hlophisoa ka tsela e lebisang ho sebopeho sa metsi a oli. Qetello ea polar ea hydrophilic e fetela karolong e nang le metsi, ha ketane ea lipophilic hydrocarbon e fetela karolong ea oli, e bakang matla a mangata a sefahleho.

 

Tšusumetso ea Lintho tse Emulsifier ka Mofuta oa Emulsion

Ntle le tšusumetso ea lintlha tse kang lisebelisoa tsa ho hlophisoa ha emulsion le maemo a ho etsa emulsion, maemo a ka ntle a boetse a na le tšusumetso ho mofuta oa emulsion. Ka mohlala, tlhaho ea hydrophilic le lipophilic ea lerako la emulsion e matla, 'me emulsion ea O / W e bonolo ho theha ha tlhaho ea hydrophilic ea lerako la emulsion e le matla, ha W / 0 emulsion e bonolo ho theha ha tlhaho ea lipophilic ea lerako la emulsion e le matla. Lebaka ke hore mokelikeli o hloka ho boloka lera la mohato o tsoelang pele leboteng, e le hore ho se be bonolo ho qhalakanngoa ka lifaha tsa metsi ha li sisinyeha. Khalase e na le hydrophilic ha polasetiki e le hydrophobic, kahoo ea pele e atisa ho etsa li-emulsion tsa O / W ha tse ling li atisa ho etsa li-emulsion tsa W/0.

 

Khopolo ea Aggregation Velocity ea Mekhahlelo e 'Meli

The coalescence lebelo khopolo qala ho tloha tšusumetso ea lebelo coalescence ea mefuta e 'meli ea marotholi a etsang emulsion ka emulsion,' me baahloli hore lebelo coalescence ea mefuta e 'meli ea marotholi itšetlehile ka lebelo coalescence ea mefuta e' meli ea marotholi ha emulsion, shaka, 'me bolaea hammoho koahela tlhokeho.

 

Mocheso

Ho eketseha ha mocheso ho tla fokotsa tekanyo ea hydration ea lihlopha tsa hydrophilic, kahoo ho fokotsa hydrophilicity ea limolek'hule. Ka hona, emulsion ea 0/w e entsoeng ka mocheso o tlase e ka fetoha emulsion ea W/0 ha e futhumatsa. Mocheso ona oa phetoho ke mocheso oo thepa ea hydrophilic le lipophilic ea surfactant e fihlang tekano e nepahetseng, e tsejoang ka hore ke karolo ea phetoho ea mocheso PIT.

Leha ho le joalo, ha motsoako oa emulsifier o le moholo ka ho lekaneng ho hlōla tšusumetso ea thepa ea ho koloba ea thepa ea emulsifier, mofuta oa emulsion o thehiloeng feela o itšetlehile ka mofuta oa emulsifier ka boeona 'me ha o amane letho le hydrophilicity le lipophilicity ea lebota la sekepe.