Sengoliloeng sena se tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a mochini o thibelang likokoana-hloko oa Gemini Surfactants, oo ho lebelletsoeng hore o tla sebetsa ho bolaee libaktheria mme o ka fana ka thuso ho fokotsa sekhahla sa ho ata ha li-coronavirus tse ncha.
Surfactant, e leng khutsufatso ea mantsoe a Surface, Active le Agent. Li-surfactants ke lintho tse sebetsang ka holim'a metsi le li-interfaces 'me li na le bokhoni bo phahameng haholo le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea holim'a (moeli), ho theha likopano tse hlophisitsoeng ka molek'hule ka tharollo ka holim'a mahloriso a itseng, kahoo ho ba le mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi ea kopo. Li-surfactants li na le dispersibility, wettability e ntle, emulsification bokhoni, le thepa ea antistatic, 'me li fetohile lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea masimo a mangata, ho kenyeletsoa le lefapha la lik'hemik'hale tse ntle,' me li na le tlatsetso e kholo ho ntlafatseng lits'ebetso, ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea matla, le ho eketsa katleho ea tlhahiso. . Ka nts'etsopele ea sechaba le tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea boemo ba indasteri ea lefats'e, ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactants e 'nile ea ata butle-butle ho tloha lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang letsatsi le leng le le leng ho ea likarolong tse fapaneng tsa moruo oa naha, joalo ka li-antibacterial agents, li-additives tsa lijo, masimo a macha a matla, phekolo e silafetseng le biopharmaceuticals.
Li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng ke metsoako ea "amphiphilic" e nang le lihlopha tsa polar hydrophilic le lihlopha tsa nonpolar hydrophobic, 'me libopeho tsa tsona tsa limolek'hule li bontšoa ho Figure 1(a).
Hajoale, ka nts'etsopele ea ntlafatso le ts'ebetso indastering ea tlhahiso, tlhoko ea thepa ea surfactant ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso e ntse e eketseha butle-butle, ka hona ho bohlokoa ho fumana le ho nts'etsapele li-surfactants tse nang le thepa e holimo le ka meaho e ikhethang. Ho sibolloa ha Gemini Surfactants ho koala likheo tsena mme ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tlhahiso ea indasteri. Gemini surfactant e tloaelehileng ke motsoako o nang le lihlopha tse peli tsa hydrophilic (ka kakaretso ionic kapa nonionic e nang le thepa ea hydrophilic) le liketane tse peli tsa hydrophobic alkyl.
Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1 (b), ho fapana le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng tsa ketane e le 'ngoe, Gemini Surfactants e kopanya lihlopha tse peli tsa hydrophilic hammoho ka sehlopha se hokahanyang (spacer). Ka bokhutšoanyane, sebopeho sa Gemini surfactant se ka utloisisoa e le se entsoeng ka ho kopanya ka bohlale lihlopha tse peli tsa hlooho ea hydrophilic tsa motsoako o tloaelehileng oa surfactant hammoho le sehlopha sa khokahanyo.
Sebopeho se ikhethileng sa Gemini Surfactant se lebisa tšebetsong ea eona e holimo holimo, e hlahisoang haholo ke:
(1) phello e matlafalitsoeng ea hydrophobic ea liketane tse peli tsa mehatla ea hydrophobic ea molek'hule ea Gemini Surfactant le tšekamelo e ntseng e eketseha ea surfactant ea ho tlohela tharollo ea metsi.
(2) Tloaelo ea lihlopha tsa lihlooho tsa hydrophilic ho arohana ho tloha ho tse ling, haholo-holo lihlopha tsa lihlooho tsa ionic ka lebaka la ho furalla electrostatic, e fokotsehile haholo ke tšusumetso ea spacer;
(3) Sebopeho se khethehileng sa Gemini Surfactants se ama boitšoaro ba bona ba ho bokellana ka tharollo ea metsi, ho ba fa morphology e rarahaneng le e fapaneng ea ho kopanya.
Li-Gemini Surfactants li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea holimo (moeli), mahloriso a tlase a mahlonoko a micelle, metsi a betere, bokhoni ba emulsification le bokhoni ba antibacteria ha bo bapisoa le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng. Ka hona, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactants tsa Gemini li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactants.
"Sebopeho sa amphiphilic" sa li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng se ba fa thepa e ikhethang ea holim'a metsi. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1 (c), ha motho ea tloaelehileng a eketsoa ka metsing, sehlopha sa hlooho sa hydrophilic se atisa ho qhibiliha ka har'a tharollo ea metsi, 'me sehlopha sa hydrophobic se thibela ho qhibiliha ha molek'hule ea surfactant metsing. Tlas'a phello e kopantsoeng ea mekhoa ena e 'meli, limolek'hule tsa surfactant li ntlafatsoa ka har'a sebopeho sa khase-metsi 'me li etsoa ka tlhophiso e hlophisehileng, kahoo e fokotsa tsitsipano ea metsi. Ho fapana le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng, Gemini Surfactants ke "dimers" tse hokahanyang li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng hammoho ka lihlopha tsa spacer, tse ka fokotsang tsitsipano ea holim'a metsi le oli / metsi ka mokhoa o atlehileng haholoanyane. Ntle le moo, li-Gemini Surfactants li na le maemo a tlase a bohlokoa a micelle, ho qhibiliha ho betere ha metsi, emulsification, ho phophoma, ho kolobisa le thepa ea antibacterial.
| Kenyelletso ea Gemini Surfactants Ka 1991, Menger le Littau [13] ba ile ba lokisa ketane ea pele ea bis-alkyl ka sehlopha se thata sa khokahano, mme ba se reha "Gemini surfactant". Selemong sona seo, Zana et al [14] o ile a lokisetsa letoto la letsoai la quaternary ammonium Gemini Surfactants ka lekhetlo la pele 'me a batlisisa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng thepa ea letoto lena la quaternary ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants. 1996, bafuputsi ba ile ba akaretsa le ho buisana ka boitšoaro ba holim'a (moeli), thepa ea ho kopanya, rheology ea tharollo le boitšoaro ba mekhahlelo ea Gemini Surfactants e fapaneng ha e kopantsoe le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng. Ka 2002, Zana [15] o ile a batlisisa phello ea lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa khokahano boitšoarong bo kopaneng ba Gemini Surfactants ka tharollo ea metsi, mosebetsi o tsoetseng pele haholo nts'etsopele ea li-surfactants mme o ne o le bohlokoa haholo. Hamorao, Qiu le al. Gemini Surfactant synthesis. |
Lipatlisiso ka Gemini Surfactants Chaena li qalile morao; ka 1999, Jianxi Zhao oa Univesithi ea Fuzhou o ile a etsa tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea lipatlisiso tsa kantle ho naha ka Gemini Surfactants mme a hohela tlhokomelo ea litsi tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso China. Ka mor'a moo, lipatlisiso tsa Gemini Surfactants tsa Chaena li ile tsa qala ho atleha 'me tsa fumana litholoana tse ntle. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba inehetse ho nts'etsopele ea li-Gemini Surfactants tse ncha le boithuto ba thepa ea bona ea physicochemical. Ka nako e ts'oanang, lits'ebetso tsa Gemini Surfactants li 'nile tsa ntlafatsoa butle-butle masimong a sterilization le antibacterial, tlhahiso ea lijo, defoaming le inhibition ea foam, ho lokolloa butle ha lithethefatsi le ho hloekisa indasteri. Ho itšetlehile ka hore na lihlopha tsa hydrophilic ka limolek'hule tsa surfactant li lefisoa kapa che le mofuta oa tefiso eo ba e jereng, Gemini Surfactants e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse latelang: cationic, anionic, nonionic le amphoteric Gemini Surfactants. Har'a bona, cationic Gemini Surfactants ka kakaretso e bua ka quaternary ammonium kapa ammonium salt Gemini Surfactants, anionic Gemini Surfactants haholo-holo e bua ka Gemini Surfactants bao lihlopha tsa bona tsa hydrophilic e leng sulfonic acid, phosphate le carboxylic acid, athe nonionic Gemini Surfactants hangata ke polyoxyethylene Surfactants Gemini.
1.1 Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Cationic Gemini Surfactants e ka arola cations ka tharollo ea metsi, haholo-holo ammonium le quaternary ammonium letsoai la Gemini Surfactants. Li-Cationic Gemini Surfactants li na le biodegradability e ntle, bokhoni bo matla ba ho silafatsa, lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse tsitsitseng, chefo e tlase, sebopeho se bonolo, motsoako o bonolo, karohano e bonolo le tlhoekiso, hape e na le thepa ea bactericidal, anticorrosion, antistatic properties le bonolo.
Quaternary ammonium salt-based Gemini Surfactants hangata e lokisoa ho tsoa ho li-amine tsa thuto e phahameng ka karabelo ea alkylation. Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e meholo ea maiketsetso ka tsela e latelang: e 'ngoe ke ho quaternize dibromo-substituted alkanes le single long-chain alkyl dimethyl tertiary amines; e 'ngoe ke ho quaternize 1-bromo-substituted long-chain alkanes le N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl alkyl diamines tse nang le anhydrous ethanol e le solvent le futhumatsang reflux. Leha ho le joalo, li-alkane tsa dibromo-substituted li theko e boima haholo 'me hangata li etsoa ka mokhoa oa bobeli,' me karabo ea equation e bontšoa ho Figure 2.
1.2 Li-Anionic Gemini Surfactants
Li-Anionic Gemini Surfactants li ka arola li-anion ka tharollo e nang le metsi, haholo-holo sulfonates, letsoai la sulfate, carboxylates le mofuta oa letsoai la phosphate Gemini Surfactants. Li-anionic surfactants li na le thepa e betere joalo ka decontamination, foaming, dispersion, emulsification le wetting, 'me li sebelisoa haholo joalo ka litlolo, li-foaming agents, li-wetting agents, li-emulsifiers le dispersants.
1.2.1 Sulfonates
Li-biosurfactants tse thehiloeng ho Sulfonate li na le melemo ea ho qhibiliha ha metsi hantle, ho koloba hantle, mocheso o motle le ho hanyetsa letsoai, ho hloekisa hantle, le bokhoni bo matla ba ho qhalakanya, 'me li sebelisoa haholo e le lisebelisoa, lisebelisoa tse phunyang, tse ntšang metsi, li-emulsifiers le li-dispersants ka petroleum. indasteri ea masela, le lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang letsatsi le leng le le leng ka lebaka la mehloli e mengata ea lihlahisoa tse tala, mekhoa e bonolo ea tlhahiso le litšenyehelo tse tlaase. Li et al o entse letoto la li-dialkyl disulfonic acid tse ncha tsa Gemini Surfactants (2Cn-SCT), mofuta o tloaelehileng oa sulfonate-mofuta oa baryonic, o sebelisa trichloramine, aliphatic amine le taurine e le lisebelisoa tse tala ka karabelo ea mehato e meraro.
1.2.2 Matsoai a Sulfate
Sulfate ester salts doublet surfactants e na le melemo ea khatello e tlase haholo ea holim'a metsi, ts'ebetso e phahameng ea holim'a metsi, ho qhibiliha ha metsi hantle, mohloli o pharaletseng oa lisebelisoa tse tala le motsoako o bonolo. E boetse e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho hlatsoa le bokhoni ba ho phophoma, ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng metsing a thata, 'me matsoai a sulfate ester ha a nke lehlakore kapa a le alkaline hanyenyane ka tharollo e nang le metsi. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3, Sun Dong et al o sebelisitse lauric acid le polyethylene glycol e le lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tse tala 'me a eketsa litlamo tsa sulfate ester ka ho fetola, esterification le ho eketsa likarabo, kahoo a kopanya mofuta oa letsoai oa sulfate ester baryonic surfactant-GA12-S-12.
1.2.3 Carboxylic acid letsoai
Li-Gemini Surfactants tse thehiloeng ho Carboxylate hangata li bonolo, li le tala, li senyeha habonolo ebile li na le mohloli o mongata oa lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tse tala, thepa e phahameng ea tšepe e chelating, ho hanyetsa metsi a thata le ho hasana ka sesepa sa calcium, thepa e ntle ea ho foaming le ho kolobisa, 'me e sebelisoa haholo meriana. masela, lik'hemik'hale tse ntle le likarolo tse ling. Ho hlahisoa ha lihlopha tsa li-amide ho li-biosurfactants tse thehiloeng ho carboxylate ho ka ntlafatsa biodegradability ea limolek'hule tsa surfactant hape ho etsa hore li be le thepa e ntle ea ho kolobisa, emulsification, ea ho hasana le ea ho tlosa litšila. Mei et al o entse "carboxylate-based baryonic surfactant CGS-2" e nang le lihlopha tsa amide tse sebelisang dodecylamine, dibromoethane le succinic anhydride e le lisebelisoa tse tala.
1.2.4 Matsoai a Phosphate
Mofuta oa letsoai oa phosphate ester oa Gemini Surfactants o na le sebopeho se ts'oanang le phospholipids ea tlhaho mme a tloaetse ho theha meaho e joalo ka li-micelles le li-vesicles. Phosphate ester letsoai la mofuta oa Gemini Surfactants li 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo e le li-antistatic agents le li-detergents, ha thepa ea tsona e phahameng ea emulsification le ho teneha ho fokolang ho lebisitse tšebelisong ea bona e pharaletseng tlhokomelong ea letlalo la motho. Li-ester tse ling tsa phosphate e ka ba sethibela mofetše, se thibelang hlahala le se thibelang likokoana-hloko, 'me ho entsoe meriana e mengata. Li-biosurfactants tsa mofuta oa letsoai la Phosphate ester li na le thepa e phahameng ea emulsification bakeng sa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana 'me e ka sebelisoa eseng feela joalo ka antibacteria le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana empa hape e le meriana e bolaeang limela. Zheng et al o ithutile ka ho qaptjoa ha phosphate ester salt Gemini Surfactants ho tloha P2O5 le ortho-quat-based oligomeric diols, tse nang le phello e ntle ea ho kolobisa, thepa e ntle ea antistatic, le mokhoa o bonolo oa ho kopanya o nang le maemo a bonolo a karabelo. Mokhoa oa limolek'hule oa potassium phosphate salt baryonic surfactant e bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 4.
1.3 Li-Gemini Surfactants tseo e seng tsa ionic
Nonionic Gemini Surfactants e ke ke ea aroloa ka tharollo ea metsi 'me e teng ka mokhoa oa limolek'hule. Mofuta ona oa baryonic surfactant ha o so ithutoe ho fihlela joale, 'me ho na le mefuta e' meli, e 'ngoe ke e tsoang ho tsoekere, e' ngoe ke ether ea joala le phenol ether. Li-surfactants tsa Nonionic Gemini ha li teng sebakeng sa ionic ka tharollo, kahoo li na le botsitso bo phahameng, ha li amehe habonolo ke li-electrolyte tse matla, li na le ho rarahana hantle le mefuta e meng ea li-surfactants, 'me li na le solubility e ntle. Ka hona, li-surfactants tsa nonionic li na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse kang detergency e ntle, dispersibility, emulsification, foaming, wettability, thepa ea antistatic le sterilization, 'me e ka sebelisoa haholo likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tse kang chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le ho roala. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 5, ho 2004, FitzGerald et al synthesized polyoxyethylene based Gemini Surfactants (nonionic surfactants), eo sebopeho sa eona se hlalositsoeng e le (Cn-2H2n-3CH2O (CH2CH2O) mH) 2 (CH2) 6 (kapa GemnEm).
02 Thepa ea physicochemical ea Gemini Surfactants
2.1 Ts'ebetso ea li-Gemini Surfactants
Mokhoa o bonolo le o otlolohileng oa ho lekola tšebetso ea li-surfactants ke ho lekanya tsitsipano ea metsi a bona. Ha e le hantle, li-surfactants li fokotsa tsitsipano ea holim'a tharollo ka tlhophiso e sekametseng holim'a sefofane (setšoantšo sa 1 (c)). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) ea Gemini Surfactants e feta liodara tse peli tsa boholo tse nyane mme boleng ba C20 bo tlase haholo ha bo bapisoa le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng tse nang le meaho e tšoanang. Molek'hule ea surfactant ea baryonic e na le lihlopha tse peli tsa hydrophilic tse e thusang ho boloka ho qhibiliha ha metsi ha ho ntse ho e-na le liketane tse telele tsa hydrophobic. Sebakeng sa metsi / moea, li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng li hlophisitsoe ka mokhoa o hlephileng ka lebaka la phello ea ho hanyetsa sebaka sa sebaka le ho nyenyefatsa litefello tsa homogeneous ka limolek'hule, kahoo li fokolisa bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea metsi. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lihlopha tse hokahanyang tsa Gemini Surfactants li tlamahane ka kopanelo e le hore sebaka se pakeng tsa lihlopha tse peli tsa hydrophilic se bolokoe sebakeng se senyenyane (se nyane haholo ho feta sebaka se pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa hydrophilic tsa li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng), e leng se hlahisang ts'ebetso e ntle ea Gemini Surfactants. bokaholimo (moeli).
2.2 Sebopeho sa kopano sa Gemini Surfactants
Litharollong tse nang le metsi, ha motsoako oa baryonic surfactant o ntse o eketseha, limolek'hule tsa eona li tlala bokaholimo ba tharollo, e leng se etsang hore limolek'hule tse ling li fallele ka hare ho tharollo ho etsa li-micelles. Motsoako oo surfactant e qalang ho etsa micelles o bitsoa Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 9, kamora hore mahloriso a be kholo ho feta CMC, ho fapana le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng tse kopaneng ho etsa li-micelles tse chitja, Gemini Surfactants li hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-micelle morphologies, joalo ka meaho ea mela le ea bilayer, ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa tsona tsa sebopeho. Phapang ka boholo ba micelle, sebopeho le hydration e na le tšusumetso e tobileng boitšoarong ba mohato le thepa ea rheological ea tharollo, hape e lebisa liphetohong tsa viscoelasticity ea tharollo. Li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng, tse kang li-anionic surfactants (SDS), hangata li etsa li-micelles tse chitja, tse batlang li se na phello ho viscosity ea tharollo. Leha ho le joalo, sebopeho se ikhethileng sa Gemini Surfactants se lebisa ho thehoeng ha morphology e rarahaneng ea micelle mme thepa ea tharollo ea bona ea metsi e fapane haholo le ea li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng. The viscosity ea aqueous solutions of Gemini Surfactants e eketseha ka mahloriso a ntseng a eketseha a Gemini Surfactants, mohlomong hobane li-micelles tse entsoeng ka mela e hokahanang ka sebopeho se kang sa webo. Leha ho le joalo, viscosity ea tharollo e fokotseha ka khatello e ntseng e eketseha ea surfactant, mohlomong ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha sebopeho sa marang-rang le ho thehoa ha mekhoa e meng ea micelle.
03 Thepa ea antimicrobial ea Gemini Surfactants
Joalo ka mofuta oa organic antimicrobial agent, antimicrobial mechanism ea baryonic surfactant haholo-holo ke hore e kopana le anions holim'a lera la lisele tsa likokoana-hloko kapa e kopana le lihlopha tsa sulfhydryl ho senya tlhahiso ea liprotheine tsa tsona le lisele tsa lisele, kahoo li senya likokoana-hloko tse thibelang likokoana-hloko. kapa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko.
3.1 Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa anionic Gemini Surfactants
Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa li-antimicrobial anionic surfactants li khethoa haholo-holo ke mofuta oa lihlopha tsa likokoana-hloko tseo li li jereng. Litharollong tsa colloidal joalo ka li-latexes tsa tlhaho le likoahelo, liketane tsa hydrophilic li tlama ho li-dispersants tse qhibilihang ke metsi, 'me liketane tsa hydrophobic li tla tlama ho li-dispersions tsa hydrophobic ka tataiso e lebisang, kahoo e fetole sebopeho sa mekhahlelo e' meli hore e be filimi e teteaneng ea limolek'hule. Lihlopha tse thibelang baktheria tse lera lena le teteaneng la tšireletso li thibela ho hōla ha libaktheria.
Mochine oa thibelo ea baktheria ea li-anionic surfactants o fapane haholo le oa cationic surfactants. Thibelo ea baktheria ea li-surfactants tsa anionic e amana le tsamaiso ea bona ea tharollo le lihlopha tsa ho thibela, kahoo mofuta ona oa surfactant o ka fokotsoa. Mofuta ona oa surfactant o tlameha ho ba teng maemong a lekaneng e le hore sebatli se be teng sekhutlong se seng le se seng sa sistimi ho hlahisa phello e ntle ea microbicidal. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mofuta ona oa surfactant o haelloa ke sebaka le ho lebisa tlhokomelo, e seng feela e bakang litšila tse sa hlokahaleng, empa hape e baka khanyetso ka nako e telele.
Ka mohlala, li-biosurfactants tse thehiloeng ho alkyl sulfonate li 'nile tsa sebelisoa meriana ea bongaka. Alkyl sulfonates, tse kang Busulfan le Treosulfan, haholo-holo li phekola mafu a myeloproliferative, a sebetsang ho hlahisa kamano pakeng tsa guanine le ureapurine, athe phetoho ena e ke ke ea lokisoa ka ho hlahloba cellular, ho fella ka lefu la apoptotic cell.
3.2 Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa cationic Gemini Surfactants
Mofuta o ka sehloohong oa cationic Gemini Surfactants e ntlafalitsoeng ke mofuta oa letsoai oa quaternary ammonium Gemini Surfactants. Quaternary ammonium type cationic Gemini Surfactants e na le phello e matla ea bactericidal hobane ho na le liketane tse peli tsa alkane tse telele tsa hydrophobic ka har'a limolek'hule tsa mofuta oa quaternary ammonium baryonic surfactant, 'me liketane tsa hydrophobic li etsa adsorption ea hydrophobic le lebota la sele (peptidoglycan); ka nako e ts'oanang, li na le li-ion tse peli tsa naetrojene tse qosoang hantle, tse tla khothaletsa ho ata ha limolek'hule tsa surfactant holim'a libaktheria tse nang le molato o fosahetseng, 'me ka ho kenella le ho hasana, liketane tsa hydrophobic li kenella ka botebo ka har'a Lera la Bacterial cell membrane lipid, fetola ho phunyeha ha lera la sele, ho lebisang ho phatloheng ha baktheria, ho phaella ho lihlopha tsa hydrophilic tse tebileng ka har'a protheine, e lebisang ho tahlehelo ea mosebetsi oa enzyme le protheine denaturation, ka lebaka la phello e kopantsoeng ea liphello tsena tse peli, ho etsa hore fungicide e be le phello e matla ea bactericidal.
Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka pono ea tikoloho, li-surfactants tsena li na le ts'ebetso ea hemolytic le cytotoxicity, 'me nako e telele ea ho kopana le lintho tse phelang metsing le biodegradation e ka eketsa chefo ea bona.
3.3 Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa nonionic Gemini Surfactants
Hona joale ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-nonionic Gemini Surfactants, e' ngoe ke motsoako oa tsoekere 'me e' ngoe ke ether ea joala le phenol ether.
Mokhoa o thibelang likokoana-hloko oa li-biosurfactants tse entsoeng ka tsoekere o itšetlehile ka kamano ea limolek'hule, 'me li-surfactants tse entsoeng ka tsoekere li ka tlama lera la sele, le nang le palo e kholo ea phospholipids. Ha bongata ba li-surfactants tsa tsoekere bo fihla boemong bo itseng, bo fetola ho kenella ha lera la sele, ho etsa li-pores le likanale tsa ion, tse amang phepelo ea limatlafatsi le phapanyetsano ea khase, e bakang ho tsoa ha litaba, 'me qetellong e lebisa lefung. baktheria.
Mokhoa oa antibacterial oa phenolic le alcoholic ethers antimicrobial agents ke ho sebetsa leboteng la sele kapa lera la sele le li-enzyme, ho thibela mesebetsi ea metabolism le ho senya mesebetsi ea ho tsosolosa. Mohlala, lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa diphenyl ethers le tse tsoang ho tsona (phenols) li qoelisoa ka har'a lisele tsa baktheria kapa vaerase ebe li sebetsa ka har'a lebota la sele le lera la sele, li thibela ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tse amanang le ho qaptjoa ha li-nucleic acid le liprotheine, kholo le ho ikatisa ha libaktheria. E boetse e holofatsa ts'ebetso ea metabolism le phefumoloho ea li-enzyme tse ka har'a baktheria, ebe li hloleha.
3.4 Thepa ea antibacteria ea amphoteric Gemini Surfactants
Amphoteric Gemini Surfactants ke sehlopha sa li-surfactants tse nang le li-cations le anions ka sebopeho sa limolek'hule, li ka ionize ka tharollo e nang le metsi, 'me li bonts'a thepa ea li-anionic surfactants maemong a mahareng le li-cationic surfactants maemong a mang a mahareng. Mokhoa oa ho thibela baktheria oa li-amphoteric surfactants ha o tsejoe hantle, empa ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore thibelo e ka 'na ea tšoana le ea quaternary ammonium surfactants, moo surfactant e kenngoeng habonolo holim'a baktheria e mpe le ho kena-kenana le metabolism ea baktheria.
3.4.1 Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa amino acid Gemini Surfactants
Amino acid mofuta baryonic surfactant ke cationic amphoteric baryonic surfactant e entsoeng ka liamino acid tse peli, kahoo mochine oa eona oa antimicrobial o tšoana le oa quaternary ammonium salt type baryonic surfactant. Karolo e ntle ea surfactant e hoheloa ke karolo e mpe ea baktheria kapa kokoana-hloko ka lebaka la ho sebelisana ha electrostatic, 'me ka mor'a moo liketane tsa hydrophobic li tlama ho lipid bilayer, e leng se lebisang ho felloa ke matla ha likahare tsa lisele le lysis ho fihlela lefung. E na le melemo e mengata ho feta li-Gemini Surfactants tse thehiloeng ho quaternary ammonium-based: biodegradability e bonolo, ts'ebetso e tlase ea hemolytic, le chefo e tlase, ka hona e ntse e ntlafatsoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea eona mme sebaka sa ts'ebeliso ea eona e ntse e atolosoa.
3.4.2 Lintho tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa mofuta o se nang amino acid Gemini Surfactants
Mefuta e seng ea amino acid ea mofuta oa amphoteric Gemini Surfactants e na le masalla a limolek'hule a sebetsang a nang le litsi tsa tefiso tse ntle le tse mpe tse ke keng tsa ionizable. Mefuta e ka sehloohong e se nang amino acid ea Gemini Surfactants ke betaine, imidazoline, le amine oxide. Ho nka mohlala oa mofuta oa betaine, li-amphoteric surfactants tsa mofuta oa betaine li na le lihlopha tsa anionic le cationic ka har'a limolek'hule tsa tsona, tse sa angoeng habonolo ke matsoai a inorganic, 'me li na le litlamorao ho litharollo tsa asiti le alkaline, le mochini o thibelang likokoana-hloko oa cationic Gemini Surfactants. e lateloa ka tharollo ea asiti le ea anionic Gemini Surfactants ka tharollo ea alkaline. E boetse e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho kopanya le mefuta e meng ea li-surfactants.
04 Qetello le maikutlo
Li-Gemini Surfactants li ntse li sebelisoa haholo bophelong ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tsona se ikhethileng, 'me li sebelisoa haholo masimong a antibacterial sterilization, tlhahiso ea lijo, defoaming le inhibition ea foam, ho lokolloa butle ha lithethefatsi le ho hloekisa indasteri. Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho e tala, Gemini Surfactants butle-butle e ntlafatsoa hore e be li-surfactants tse sebetsang hantle tikolohong le tse sebetsang ka bongata. Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang mabapi le Gemini Surfactants li ka etsoa likarolong tse latelang: ho hlahisa li-Gemini Surfactants tse ncha tse nang le mehaho le mesebetsi e khethehileng, haholo-holo ho matlafatsa lipatlisiso ka antibacterial le antiviral; ho kopanya le li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng kapa li-additives ho etsa lihlahisoa tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle; le ho sebelisa thepa e tala e fumanehang habonolo ho kopanya li-Gemini Surfactants tse se nang tikoloho.
Nako ea poso: Mar-25-2022