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Selelekela ho Li-surfactants
Li-surfactants li na le sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa amphiphilic: pheletsong e 'ngoe e na le sehlopha sa hydrophilic, se bitsoang hlooho ea hydrophilic, ha pheletsong e' ngoe e na le sehlopha sa hydrophobic, se tsejoang e le mohatla oa hydrophobic. Hlooho ea hydrophilic e lumella li-surfactants hore li qhibilihe ka metsing ka mokhoa oa tsona oa monomer.
Sehlopha sa hydrophilic hangata ke sehlopha sa polar, se ka bang sehlopha sa carboxyl (-COOH), sehlopha sa sulfonic acid (-SO3H), sehlopha sa amino (-NH2), liminerale le letsoai la tsona, lihlopha tsa hydroxyl (-OH), lihlopha tsa amide, kapa li-ether linkages (-O-) e le mehlala e meng ea lihlopha tsa polar hydrophilic.
Sehlopha sa hydrophobic hangata ke ketane ea hydrocarbon e seng polar, joalo ka liketane tsa hydrophobic alkyl (R- for alkyl) kapa lihlopha tse nkhang hamonate (Ar- for aryl).
Li-surfactants li ka aroloa ka li-ionic surfactants (ho kenyeletsoa li-cationic le li-anionic surfactants), li-non-ionic surfactants, li-amphoteric surfactants, li-surfactants tse tsoakiloeng, le tse ling. Litharollong tsa surfactant, ha motsoako oa surfactant o fihla boleng bo itseng, limolek'hule tsa surfactant li tla theha lihlopha tse fapaneng tse hlophisitsoeng tse tsejoang e le micelles. Ts'ebetso ea micellization, kapa sebopeho sa micelle, ke thepa ea bohlokoa ea tharollo ea surfactant, kaha liketsahalo tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tsa sefahleho li amahanngoa le ho thehoa ha li-micelles.
Motsoako oo li-surfactants li etsang li-micelles ka tharollo o bitsoa Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). Li-micelles ha li tsitsitse, mehaho e chitja; ho e-na le hoo, li bontša ho se tloaelehe ho feteletseng le liphetoho tse matla tsa sebopeho. Tlas'a maemo a itseng, li-surfactants li ka boela tsa hlahisa maemo a morao-rao a micelle.
Lintlha tse susumetsang CMC:
- Sebopeho sa sebatli
- Mofuta le boteng ba li-additives
- Mocheso
Litšebelisano Pakeng tsa Li-surfactants le Liprotheine
Liprotheine li na le lihlopha tse se nang polar, polar, le tse qosoang, 'me limolek'hule tse ngata tsa amphiphilic li ka sebelisana le liprotheine ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng. Ho ipapisitse le maemo, li-surfactants li ka theha likarolo tse hlophisitsoeng tsa limolek'hule tse nang le meaho e fapaneng, joalo ka micelles kapa reverse micelles, tse sebelisanang ka tsela e fapaneng le liprotheine.
Litšebelisano lipakeng tsa liprotheine le li-surfactants (Protein-Surfactant, PS) li kenyelletsa haholo litšebelisano tsa motlakase le litšebelisano tsa hydrophobic. Li-surfactants tsa Ionic li sebelisana le liprotheine haholo-holo ka matla a motlakase a sehlopha sa polar le litšebelisano tsa hydrophobic tsa ketane ea carbon ea aliphatic, e tlamang libaka tsa polar le hydrophobic tsa protheine, kahoo li etsa li-complexes tsa PS.
Li-surfactants tse seng tsa ionic li sebelisana haholo le liprotheine ka matla a hydrophobic, moo liketane tsa hydrophobic li kopanang le libaka tsa hydrophobic tsa liprotheine. Tšebelisano e ka ama bobeli sebopeho le mosebetsi oa surfactant le protheine. Ka hona, mofuta oa li-surfactants, hammoho le maemo a tikoloho, li etsa qeto ea hore na li-surfactants li tsitsisa kapa li hlokisa protheine botsitso, hammoho le hore na li khothalletsa ho kopanya kapa ho hasana.
HLB Boleng ba Li-surfactants
E le hore motho ea sebetsang holim'a metsi a bontše mosebetsi oa eona o ikhethang oa sefahleho, o tlameha ho leka-lekanya likarolo tsa hydrophobic le hydrophilic. HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) ke tekanyo ea tekanyo ea hydrophilic-lipophilic ea li-surfactants 'me e sebetsa e le sesupo sa litšobotsi tsa li-surfactants' tsa hydrophilic le hydrophobic.
Boleng ba HLB ke boleng bo lekanyelitsoeng (ho tloha ho 0 ho isa ho 40). Mohlala, parafine e na le boleng ba HLB ba 0 (ha ho na motsoako oa hydrophilic), polyethylene glycol e na le boleng ba HLB ba 20, 'me SDS e nang le hydrophilic haholo (sodium dodecyl sulfate) e na le boleng ba HLB ba 40. Theko ea HLB e ka sebetsa e le tataiso ha u khetha li-surfactants. Boleng bo phahameng ba HLB bo bontša hydrophilicity e betere, athe boleng bo tlase ba HLB bo fana ka maikutlo a ho fokola ha metsi.
Nako ea poso: Sep-10-2024