Li-surfactants ke sehlopha se seholo sa metsoako ea manyolo e nang le thepa e ikhethang, e tenyetsehang ka ho fetesisa ebile e sebelisoa ka bongata, le boleng bo botle bo sebetsang. Li-surfactants li 'nile tsa sebelisoa e le li-emulsifiers, li-detergents, tse kenyang metsi, li-agent tse phunyeletsang, li-foaming agents, solvents, dispersants, suspending agents, li-conductors tsa metsi a samente, li-softeners tsa masela, li-level, li-fixing, li-disinfectants, li-catalysts, tse thibelang metsi, li-anti-fouling, li-lubricants, li-preservative agents li-membrane tse phunyeletsang, li-flotation agents, li-level, li-anti-caking agents, li-deodorizers, li-anti-static agents, li-modifiers tsa holim'a metsi le tse ling tse ngata tse sebetsang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le masimo a mangata a tlhahiso ea indasteri le ea temo.
Ntle le ho sebelisoa haholo indastering ea litlolo le litlolo, li-surfactants li boetse li sebelisoa e le li-adjuvants kapa li-adjuvant liindasteri tsa setso tse kang lijo, lebese, ho etsa pampiri, letlalo, khalase, petroleum, likhoele tsa lik'hemik'hale, masela, khatiso le ho daea, ho penta, ho etsa meriana, ho sebetsa ka lirafshoa, ho sebetsa ka lirafshoa. ho hloekisa, ho haha, hammoho le masimo a theknoloji e phahameng. Le hoja hangata e se tsona tse ka sehloohong tsa lihlahisoa tsa indasteri, li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho eketsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng. Leha tšebeliso ea eona e se kholo, e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho eketseng mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa, ho fokotsa tšebeliso, ho boloka matla le ho ntlafatsa boleng.
1, Kopo eaLi-surfactantsindastering ea masela
Li-surfactants li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea masela. Mehatong e fapaneng ea ho lokisa masela joalo ka ho ohla, ho ohla, boholo, ho loha kapa ho loha, ho hloekisa (bleaching), ho daea, ho hatisa le ho qeta, li-surfactants kapa li-surfactants e le li-additives tse kholo li lokela ho sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, ho nolofatsa lits'ebetso, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho ntlafatsa boleng. Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang,li-surfactantsli sebelisoa e le li-detergents, li-wetting agents, tse phunyeletsang, li-emulsifiers, solubilizers, foaming agents, defoamers, smoothing agents, dispersants, leveling agents, dae retarders, fixing agents, refining agents, softeners, anti-static agents, lisebelisoa tse thibelang metsi, li-disinfectants, joalo-joalo. Le hoja tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea bona e fokotsehile butle-butle lilemong tsa morao tjena, tšebeliso ea bona e ntse e le khōlō ha e bapisoa le likarolo tse ling tsa indasteri. Li sebelisoa haholo e le li-solubilizers, li-detergents, li-wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, leveling agents, refining agents, softeners, anti-static agents, joalo-joalo. Li-anionic surfactants li sebelisoa haholo-holo e le li-detergents, penetrants, li-wetting agents, li-emulsifiers, le li-disperpersants ka li-surfactants tsa ionic; Li-Cationic surfactants, tse ka khahlehang ka thata holim'a masela ka lebaka la tefiso e mpe ea likhoele, hangata li sebelisoa e le lintho tse nolofatsang masela, li-level agents, tse thibelang metsi, li-anti-static agents le lisebelisoa tse lokisang mebala; Li-bipolar surfactants hangata li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya lidae tse rarahaneng tsa tšepe, li-softeners tsa masela le li-anti-static agents.
2、 Ts'ebeliso ea Li-surfactants ho Indasteri ea Letlalo le Boea
Mokhoa oa ho etsa letlalo o rarahane ebile oa khathatsa, o hloka mehato e mengata ho tloha letlalong le se nang letho ho ea ho letlalo le felileng. Pele ho fifala, mosebetsi oa ho lokisa o kang ho inela ka metsing, ho inela moloreng, ho nolofatsa ha enzymatic, ho inela ka asiti, deacidification, le defatting e lokela ho etsoa; Ka mor'a ho fifala, ho daea, ho nona, le ho qeta ho boetse hoa hlokahala. Ts'ebetso tsena kaofela li hloka ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactants e le li-additives ho khothaletsa litlamorao tsa physicochemical le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho khutsufatsa potoloho ea tlhahiso, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba letlalo, le ho boloka lisebelisoa tse tala tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Ts'ebetso ea boea e boetse e hloka mekhoa e mengata, ho kenyelletsa ho inela, ho theola, ho nolofatsa, ho fifala, ho soeufala, ho daea, ho tlotsa mafura le ho qeta, tseo kaofela li hlokang tšebeliso ea li-surfactants e le li-additives. Ho etsa letlalo ho hloka ho tlosoa ha moriri oa liphoofolo, ha ts'ebetso ea boea e hloka tšenyo e fokolang mohahong oa pele oa moriri. Tšebeliso ea li-surfactants e ka fana ka tšireletso e ntle.
Mesebetsi ea mantlha ea li-surfactants tlhahiso ea letlalo le ts'ebetso ea boea ke solubilization, emulsification, wetting, permeation, foaming, defoaming, ho hlatsoa, leveling le ho lokisa mebala. Ts'ebetsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, litlhoko tsa karolo ea eona li fapane. Ka mohlala, ka ho qoelisoa, ho hlokahala haholo-holo ho ba le liphello tsa ho koloba le ho phunyeletsa; Ha ho fokotseha, ho hlokahala hore ho be le liphello tsa emulsifying, wetting, le tse phunyeletsang; Ka decontamination, ho hlokahala hore ho be le phello e ntle ea solubilization; Hoa hlokahala ho ba le phallo e ntle, ho kenella le phello ea foam ho daeang; Nakong ea ho eketsa mafura, ho hlokahala hore ho be le thepa e ntle ea emulsifying.
3. Tšebeliso ea li-surfactants indastering ea ho roala
Liaparo li bua ka lisebelisoa tsa boenjiniere tse ka sebelisoang holim'a ntho ho etsa seaparo se nang le tšireletso, mekhabiso kapa thepa e khethehileng. Pente e tsebahalang haholo ke mofuta oa ho roala. Liaparo li na le mesebetsi e mengata: bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng, mohaho oa mohaho, thepa ea lepolanka, indasteri ea letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo-joalo, liaparo tse mebala-bala tse khanyang li sebelisetsoa mokhabiso, tse ka fanang ka lintho tse ntle le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tsona ba khoebo; Ho roala thepa ea mohaho, lehong, tšepe, joalo-joalo ka liphahlo ho fana ka tšireletso, ho eketsa nako e telele, le ho thibela kutu; Pente e sebelisoa e le letšoao la 'mala' me e ka sebelisoa e le letšoao la sephethephethe, letšoao la thepa e kotsi, joalo-joalo; Liaparo tse nang le lipina tse fapaneng li ka boela tsa sebeletsa merero e fapaneng e khethehileng, joalo ka ho thibela mollo, ho hanyetsa mongobo, ho thibela hlobo, ho pata, ho fetoha ha mebala, ho sireletsa mahlaseli a kotsi le ho thibela tšilafalo ea khase.
Liaparo ka kakaretso li entsoe ka mekhahlelo e mene ea lisebelisoa tse tala: lintho tse etsang filimi, li-pigment, lihlapolli le li-additives. Ntho ea ho etsa filimi ke motheo oa ho qapa liphahlo; Li-pigments ka kakaretso ke lintho tse mebala e metle ka mokhoa oa phofo; Ntle le litlolo tse se nang solvent, mefuta e fapaneng ea mokelikeli hangata e na le li-solvents. Hona joale, likarolo tse sebelisoang e le li-solvents tsa ho roala li kenyelletsa metsi, li-hydrocarbon tsa aliphatic, li-hydrocarbon tse nkhang hamonate, li-alcohol, li-ester, li-ethers, ketone, terpenes, metsoako ea chlorinated organic, joalo-joalo; Li-additives ke likarolo tse thusang tsa liaparo, 'me ka kakaretso ke li-surfactants tse phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho li-coatings.
Ho ea ka liphello tsa bona ho li-coatings, li-surfactants tse sebelisoang ka ho roala li ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang: (1) li-defoamers, li-wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, joalo-joalo nakong ea tlhahiso ea ho roala; (2) li-anti-caking agents, li-anti-setting agents, joalo-joalo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea polokelo ea ho roala; (3) li-agent tsa kaho tsa ho etsa lifilimi: li-omisang, li-agent, li-agent, li-anti-sagging agents, joalo-joalo; (4) plasticizers, leveling agents, mold inhibitors, flame retardants, anti-static agents, UV absorbers, joalo-joalo tse amang ts'ebetso ea ho roala.
4. Tšebeliso ea li-surfactants ho catalysis ea lik'hemik'hale
Sekhahla sa karabelo leha e le efe ea lik'hemik'hale e amana haufi-ufi le thepa ea tikoloho ea lik'hemik'hale. Ho fumanoe hore ho kenyelletsa li-surfactants tse itseng tsamaisong ea karabelo e entsoeng ka li-reactants tse peli tse qhibilihang habonolo metsing le oli ho ka eketsa haholo sekhahla sa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me phello ena e bitsoa "surface active catalysis". Ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale e hlahisoang ke li-surfactants haholo-holo e kenyelletsa micelle catalysis le phase transfer catalysis, eo har'a eona micelle catalysis e nang le ho tšoana le catalysis ea enzyme. Ho lumeloa hore phello ea matla ea li-surfactants ho karabelo ea manyolo hangata e amana le sebopeho sa li-micelles, tse tsejoang ka hore ke micelle catalysis.
5. Tšebeliso ea surfactant ho enzyme catalyzed reaction in micro lotion
Ho eketsoa ha li-surfactants ho ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea enzyme ho lihlapolli tsa manyolo, haholo-holo ho bonahatsoa ka likarolo tse tharo tse latelang: (1) hlooho ea polarity ea limolek'hule tsa surfactant e tlama ka thata ho limolek'hule tsa enzyme, kahoo e qhalakanya limolek'hule tsa enzyme karolong ea manyolo le ho eketsa lebelo la ho thulana pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa enzyme le substrates; (2) Mohatla oa hydrophobic oa limolek'hule tsa surfactant o ka hohela ka katleho li-substrates tsa hydrophobic ka mekhahlelo ea lintho tse phelang, ho etsa hore li fumanehe habonolo ho li-enzyme; (3) Ho qoba ka katleho thibelo ea li-enzyme ka li-substrates le lihlahisoa. Li-surfactants tse sebelisetsoang ho ithuta ka enzyme catalytic reaction in the micro lotion hangata ke li-anionic, cationic, amphoteric kapa non-ionic surfactants, joalo ka sodium di - (2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulfonate (AOT), dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (C12E4), ovoxadecyphorate, hemethyl triophorate, joalo-joalo.
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Nako ea poso: May-29-2025
